Sports and exercise medicine aims to optimise function to reach higher levels of well-being and physical performance. It aims to increase the human body’s ability to resist physical stress, and maximise performance in terms of adaptive capacity, endurance and physical fitness. It measures the capacity of the body’s functional systems to respond to exercise over time, and modifies exposure to exercise in such a way that an individual’s fitness is optimised by operating at the “sweet spot” where both health and performance are maximimised. This is achieved through increasing adaptive capacity, which is the human body’s ability to turn stressors into fitness growth.